MultI-TIERED SYSTEMS OF SUPPORT

The Ultimate Guide to MTSS

Building Systems That Support Every Learner

AdobeStock_621745148 - Multi-Tiered Systems of Support

THE Framework

What Is MTSS?

A Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) is a comprehensive, evidence-informed framework designed to meet the academic, behavioral, and social-emotional needs of all learners. MTSS combines strong, universally designed Tier 1 instruction with increasingly targeted and intensive supports, while establishing the systems and structures that equip educators with the knowledge, skills, resources, and leadership needed to implement effective practices. Together, these elements ensure students receive the right instruction and support, at the right time and with the right intensity, so every learner has the opportunity to succeed.

When we talk about Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS), it's easy to focus on the multi-tiered part: the different levels of academic, behavioral, and social-emotional support students receive based on their needs. But the tiers are only part of the equation. The real power of MTSS lies in the systems of support that make those tiers work.

Schools don't improve simply by identifying effective practices or adopting new interventions. Educators need the capacity and conditions to implement those practices consistently and effectively. Without strong leadership, meaningful professional learning, collaborative structures, and systems for using data to inform decisions, even the most promising interventions can fall short. Take a deeper dive into what MTSS is (and isn't) by exploring one or more of the articles below. 

The Framework

MTSS & Implementation Science

Sustainable MTSS implementation depends on more than knowing what works. It requires intentional attention to how we make it work through three interconnected sets of drivers: competency drivers, implementation drivers, and leadership drivers. When these drivers work together, MTSS becomes a coordinated system that builds educator capacity, responds to learner variability, and creates the conditions for every student to succeed.

Leadership Drivers

Leadership drivers establish the vision, shared responsibility, and collaborative structures needed to guide and sustain MTSS implementation. Effective leaders address both technical challenges, such as scheduling and resource allocation, and adaptive challenges, such as building consensus and removing barriers to change. Through strategic planning, family and community engagement, and ongoing collaboration, leadership creates the conditions for lasting systems-level improvement.

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Competency Drivers

Competency drivers focus on building educators' capacity to implement effective practices that improve student outcomes. This includes intentional staffing and onboarding, high-quality professional development, ongoing coaching, and meaningful feedback and evaluation. Together, these supports ensure educators have the knowledge, skills, and opportunities to continuously strengthen their practice.

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Implementation Drivers

Implementation drivers establish the organizational systems and processes that make effective tiered instruction and interventions possible. These include a continuum of evidence-based practices, systems for monitoring implementation fidelity, data-based decision-making, and access to high-quality curriculum and instruction. Together, these structures help schools evaluate what's working, make informed adjustments, and sustain effective practices across all three tiers.

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TOOLS & RESOURCES

Understanding the Three Tiers of MTSS

The three tiers of MTSS represent a continuum of academic, behavioral, and social-emotional instruction and support designed to meet the needs of all learners. But the tiers aren't labels for students or separate programs. They represent different levels of support that students can access based on their needs. At the foundation is strong, universally designed Tier 1 instruction that every student receives. Tier 2 and Tier 3 provide increasingly targeted and intensive supports that supplement, rather than replace, Tier 1. Students move fluidly between levels of support as their needs change, with data guiding decisions along the way.

MTSS IN PRACTICE

Why Strong Tier 1 Instruction Is the Foundation of MTSS

A strong Multi-Tiered System of Supports begins with what every student experiences every day: Tier 1 instruction. When core instruction is accessible, engaging, and responsive to learner variability, more students can succeed without requiring additional interventions.

Nanjing

CASE STUDY

Building Inclusive Systems Through MTSS

A Primary School Case Study at Nanjing International School
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MTSS Self-Assessment

How Strong is Your MTSS?

Effective MTSS is about more than providing tiered interventions. It's about building the systems that support educators and ensure every student has access to what they need to succeed. Our MTSS Self-Assessment helps school and district teams reflect on their current practices, identify strengths and opportunities for growth, and determine where to focus their improvement efforts.

WORKSHOPS & COURSES

MTSS Professional Development

Bring a Novak Education facilitator to your school or district to learn more about MTSS.